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- Salivary Gland Cancer
The salivary glands produce saliva in the mouth, throat and nose. Saliva supports digestion, protects teeth and helps stop infections that could enter the body through the mouth and nose.
The salivary glands produce saliva in the mouth, throat and nose. Saliva supports digestion, protects teeth and helps stop infections that could enter the body through the mouth and nose.
The salivary glands produce saliva in the mouth, throat and nose. Saliva helps with digestion, protects teeth and helps stop infections that could enter the body through the mouth and nose.
Salivary gland tumors form when a cell in a salivary gland mutates and starts rapidly growing and dividing. Most salivary gland tumors are benign, meaning they are not cancer and do not spread to other parts of the body.
Some are malignant, or cancer. These tumors can spread beyond their original location to nearby tissue, lymph nodes and distant parts of the body.
Salivary gland cancer is rare. Only around 2,000 to 2,500 cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. The disease¡¯s five-year survival rate is 76%. The survival rate changes for different subtypes of salivary gland cancer, though.
Salivary gland anatomy
Each person has hundreds of salivary glands. There are two types of salivary glands: the major salivary glands and the minor salivary glands. Most saliva is produced from the three pairs of major salivary glands. Most salivary gland tumors occur in the major glands.
The major salivary glands are:
- The parotid glands. These are the largest pair of salivary glands. Most salivary gland tumors form in these glands. The parotid glands are located just in front of each ear. The facial nerve, which is responsible for facial movement, runs through each parotid gland and divides it into two lobes:
- The superficial lobe: Most parotid tumors start in the superficial lobe.
- The deep lobe: Some tumors start in the deep lobe. Tumors that start in the superficial lobe can also spread to the deep lobe.
- The submandibular glands. They are the size of a walnut and located below the jaw. They can often be felt below the jaw on each side of the face.
- The sublingual glands. These are the smallest of the major salivary glands. They are about the size of almonds. They are located below the tongue in the floor of the mouth.
The minor salivary glands consist of hundreds of much smaller glands that line the mouth, throat, and sinuses. They are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Minor salivary gland tumors are rare, but they are more likely to be cancerous than major salivary gland tumors. Many minor salivary gland cancers start in the roof of the mouth.
Types of salivary gland tumors
Most salivary gland tumors are benign, or not cancer. Benign tumors do not spread. However, they often need treatment because they can become quite large, and a small number of them can develop into cancer.
There are more than 20 types of malignant, or cancerous, salivary gland tumors. Different types can require different treatment plans. The most common types include:
- Mucoepidermal carcinoma, the most common type of salivary gland cancer. These tumors can be categorized as low-grade, intermediate grade and high-grade. Tumors with lower grades are usually less aggressive than those with higher grades.
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma, the most common tumor of the minor salivary glands and second most common of the major salivary glands. This tumor tends to grow along nerves, particularly the facial and trigeminal nerves.
- Acinic cell carcinoma, a common salivary gland cancer that has a tendency to recur at its original location.
Salivary gland cancer risk factors
Risk factors increase your chances of developing a particular disease. Risk factors for salivary gland cancer include:
- Age: Most cases of salivary gland cancer are diagnosed in people aged 55 or older.
- Prior radiation to the head and neck: Patients who received radiation treatment to the head and neck for another cancer have a higher risk of developing salivary gland cancer. Fortunately, the benefits of radiation therapy far outweigh this risk.
- Smoking: Smoking is a risk factor for some benign salivary gland tumors. Doctors are studying its connection to salivary gland cancer.
- Chemical exposure: Exposure to chemicals in certain industries increases the risk of some rare subtypes of salivary gland cancer. These industries include plumbing, carpentry and manufacturing rubber products.
- HPV infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause several different cancers, such as throat cancer and cervical cancer. There is some limited evidence that HPV may be a risk factor for salivary gland cancer. Doctors are studying this link. Learn more about HPV.
Learn more about salivary gland cancer:
Learn more about clinical trials for salivary gland cancer.
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My salivary cancer diagnosis gave me a new appreciation for life
When I had an earache for a couple of weeks in August 2007 and couldn¡¯t sleep on my right side for very long, I went to my primary care doctor. She told me I had an ear infection. I was given antibiotics and sent home. After a few weeks, I noticed a knot in my cheek, and it got even harder to sleep.
I thought something else was wrong.
My salivary cancer diagnosis
I was diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma, a type of salivary cancer on Oct. 10, 2007. I was emotional about my diagnosis, but I knew that I needed a plan to move forward.
I received my diagnosis at another hospital, but I felt like I needed to go elsewhere for treatment. I wanted to feel confident in my care and know that my doctors cared about me as a person. My husband asked me, ¡°Why aren¡¯t we getting you treated at MD Anderson?¡±
As an MD Anderson employee, he knew I¡¯d receive attentive and specialized care. MD Anderson, he said, would give me the best chance to survive.
My salivary cancer treatment at MD Anderson
I first met with my MD Anderson care team on Oct. 29.
On Dec. 6, I underwent a tracheostomy and mouth reconstruction to remove my tumors and rebuild the floor of my mouth.
Before my surgery, I was a nervous wreck. I really appreciated physician assistant Rolando De Luna for how calm he kept me. He talked to me for 45 minutes the night before to help me get into the right mindset.
After I had three tumors removed, my plastic surgeon, , took tissue from my left forearm to create a flap in my mouth where the tumors were taken out. I lost my voice for a few weeks.
About a month later, I started six weeks of daily radiation therapy under the care of .
After my radiation therapy sessions, I headed to physical therapy to rebuild strength in my mouth and neck, and speech therapy to learn how to talk again.
During that time, I used a dry erase board to write down my feelings and communicate with my family and doctors. I also wrote jokes to keep things lighthearted.
My family was my always there for me
From the time I was diagnosed, I was blessed to have an amazing support system ¨C especially in my husband and daughter. Both of them were a godsend.
My husband Michael reassured me that things would be OK. My daughter Chelsea, who was 16 at the time, helped me watch out when I was eating things that might hurt my jaw and throat. She also did housework without me even asking. Before my diagnosis, she was living with her dad, but cancer brought her back into my life. That¡¯s one of the things I¡¯m most thankful for.
Hope even with a recurrence
In 2014, the knot in my cheek came back. Thankfully, it¡¯s benign, but I return to MD Anderson every year to monitor it. It helps that I now work at MD Anderson, so I can easily come to my yearly appointments.
Life is a little rough with cancer, but my experience made me appreciate my life and the people in it more.
I have three new grandsons and new perspectives that have helped me grow and learn how to be a better mom. I celebrate everything that can be celebrated. Everything is just a lot brighter.
When you find out you have cancer, it¡¯s like you lose your breath. But now I can tell cancer, ¡°You did not get me. I got you.¡±
or by calling 1-877-632-6789.
Throat and salivary gland cancer survivor: Why I finally got a feeding tube
I resisted getting a feeding tube for as long as I could. I knew I¡¯d have to use one eventually, but I didn¡¯t feel ready for a long time. I was afraid it would make me a lesser person or less attractive, and I worried that it would completely change my lifestyle.
Now that I have one, I must admit: my lifestyle has changed. But I¡¯ve gotten used to nourishing myself this way, and I¡¯ve adjusted to eating seven times a day, instead of two or three.
Today, I use my feeding tube as an education tool. I don¡¯t draw unnecessary attention to myself, but I¡¯ve started eating out in public more. I¡¯ll sit near the back of a room and have a tray on my lap under the table. Sometimes, my 4-year-old grandson helps depress the syringe. And if someone asks me questions, I explain what I¡¯m doing and why. I think it's a great learning opportunity. Because I do still eat, I just eat differently.
A salivary gland cancer diagnosis finally forced my hand
I started having real problems eating and swallowing in 2000, about 15 years after I received chemotherapy and radiation for stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (a rare type of throat cancer). I¡¯d often choke, and had to figure out ways to cough up pills or food that got stuck in my throat.
I had a feeding tube installed in February 2016 to supplement my diet. But I wasn¡¯t using it regularly, and I kept on losing weight. Eventually, I was diagnosed with cancer-induced cachexia, or wasting disease. My body simply wasn¡¯t getting enough nutrients.
In April, I started aspirating (or getting in my lungs by accident) some of what I ate and drank, too. I developed pneumonia as a result, and fought that infection for five months. I knew I had to start using my feeding tube exclusively or I was going to die. But it took being diagnosed with stage II salivary gland cancer in September 2016 to finally force my hand.
The decision to embrace my feeding tube
By this point, all of my meals were already being pureed in a blender. I¡¯d been drinking them for months. But I started using my feeding tube exclusively on Sept. 20, 2016. Here¡¯s why.
It was my 49th birthday, and I¡¯d just been to see , at MD Anderson. I thought I was just having my annual checkup. But Dr. Weber discovered a new tumor in my salivary gland on the left side of my jaw. He recommended surgery to remove it, which meant I¡¯d be receiving all of my meals through a tube anyway. So, I went ahead and made the decision. I haven¡¯t had any food or drinks by mouth in 14 months. I most likely never will again.
My biggest challenge today
Since then, my biggest challenge has been finding a liquid food that my body can tolerate. I was mainly a vegetarian before I was diagnosed with cancer the second time, but most meal replacements involve some type of meat protein. I¡¯ve tried a few with salmon or chicken, but they just don¡¯t agree with me. For the first four months of tube feeding, I had diarrhea after every meal. That stopped eventually, but I¡¯m still excited to be trying a new product soon. It¡¯s made from lots of organic vegetables.
I do still miss the taste of some foods, but this is my reality, so I¡¯ve accepted it. I¡¯m just happy to be alive, and I¡¯ll do whatever it takes to survive. Now, I try to find pleasure in the scents of certain things, like bacon frying or Mexican food cooking. I still love going out to eat with friends and family. I just take my food with me and eat under the table.
Mostly, I don't want people to feel sorry for me. Because I'm eating just like you are. I just do it a little differently.
or by calling 1-877-632-6789.
?
Finding my voice after throat and salivary gland cancer
I¡¯ve been struggling to make myself understood ever since I was a senior in high school. In April 1985, I was diagnosed with stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (a rare type of throat cancer). And for a while, my throat was so raw and painful from the radiation treatments I received that I didn¡¯t want to talk.
Those radiation treatments gave my voice a very ¡°nasal¡± quality, too, so it was sometimes hard for people to understand me when I finally did start talking again. Around the year 2000, I started having more trouble speaking due to the radiation treatments I¡¯d received as a teenager. It became even more challenging in September 2016, when I was diagnosed with stage II salivary gland cancer. I had surgery and more radiation to treat that. Today, I am cancer-free, but I¡¯m still struggling to be heard.
Learning new ways to communicate
Speech without proper tongue movement is almost impossible. And speech therapy doesn¡¯t help much when your tongue isn¡¯t fully functional. So I carry a notepad with me wherever I go, and sometimes, a dry erase board. Because after the last round of surgery ¡ª during which removed part of my right thigh muscle and two arteries from my left hand/wrist to repair my neck ¡ª the back, right-hand side of my tongue stopped working.
I can still talk aloud, but my speech is becoming even harder to understand, and Dr. Weber says it will likely continue to deteriorate. So, when a person can¡¯t figure out what I¡¯m trying to say, I just take a deep breath and write it down.?Talking on the phone is almost impossible, so I text a lot, too. And I¡¯m thinking about learning American Sign Language, since I already sign, ¡°I love you,¡± to my son and grandsons.
Why I¡¯m sharing my story
Sharing my story is how I feel I can best use my voice to make a difference right now. So I¡¯m telling it here and connecting with other cancer survivors online. I started a social media support group in Ellis County in September 2017. It currently has 63 members, and some of them don't even live in Texas.
Most group members send me private messages to ask questions. I try to be their cheerleader and offer encouragement. And if they ask me something I don't know anything about, like breast cancer, I'll ask another member to step up and answer their questions.?
Counting my blessings
I¡¯ve always tried to stay positive throughout my cancer treatment, because the truth is I am blessed. My doctors told me I¡¯d probably never have children, but I got pregnant in early 1992. My son, Layne, was born that October. He¡¯s 25 now and has given me two wonderful grandsons: Gavin and Gaige.
The cumulative effect of my cancer treatments has left me unable to swallow properly. So, I haven¡¯t eaten or drunk anything by mouth in 14 months. Even water makes me choke. And speech continues to be a challenge.
But I look at it this way: I¡¯m still alive. And I¡¯m better off than a lot of other people. I have a fabulous family and really good friends. I am truly blessed.
I¡¯m not sure what my current purpose is. But I do know I will find my way. And if, by going through this, I can help other people, it will all be worth it.
or by calling 1-877-632-6789.
?
Why choose MD Anderson for your salivary gland cancer care?
Choosing where to go for cancer treatment is one of the most important decisions a patient can make.
Every patient with salivary gland cancer is different. Treatment plans can change drastically based on the cancer¡¯s subtype, as well as the tumor¡¯s exact location. Just a few millimeters can make a huge difference. The right treatment plan can greatly reduce the chance that the cancer returns and help maintain your quality of life, including your ability to speak, swallow and hear.
At MD Anderson you¡¯ll get care from a team of salivary gland cancer experts. As a top-ranked cancer center, our doctors see more salivary gland cancer patients in a year than most treat in a career. They have experience treating this rare cancer and understand how to deliver care in anatomically complex areas like the head and neck. They use this expertise to design treatment plans that are tailored to each individual patient.
This team will include a surgical oncologist, radiation oncologist and medical oncologist. All specialize in treating salivary gland cancer, giving them an incredible amount of expertise to call upon when planning your care. They will work together closely to discuss your case and develop a treatment plan designed for you.
Treatments can include many cutting-edge approaches, such as proton therapy and advanced robotic surgery. As a leading cancer center, MD Anderson is also developing new salivary gland cancer treatments, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
Caring for salivary gland cancer patients at MD Anderson goes far beyond just eliminating the cancer. It includes maximizing your quality of life during and after treatment. Salivary gland cancer and its care may affect eating, hearing, speaking and appearance. At MD Anderson you¡¯ll be offered a full range of treatments and supportive therapies to help you overcome these challenges.
You may get occupational, physical and speech therapy. If needed, you¡¯ll have access to MD Anderson¡¯s renowned reconstructive surgeons, as well as expert dental surgeons who can design and place custom-made dental implants. You can also work closely with speech pathologists and audiologists who have expertise in restoring speech and swallowing after salivary gland surgery.
MD Anderson also offers dedicated survivorship care for salivary gland cancer patients. This care can help monitor for the disease¡¯s return and offer interventions to maximize your quality of life.
And at MD Anderson you will be surrounded by the strength of one of the nation's largest and most experienced cancer centers. From support groups to counseling to integrative medicine care, we have all the services needed to treat not just the disease, but the whole person.
My care team sought to improve every aspect of my life ¡ª not just cure the cancer. And they plan for success right from the get-go.
Glen Haubold
Survivor
Stage IV salivary gland cancer survivor: How proton therapy saved my career
It¡¯s difficult to say that someone is ¡°the best¡± at something, especially when it comes to sports. How do you determine the No. 1 golfer? Since it¡¯s based on performance, it might be one person this week, and a different one the next.
But when it comes to cancer treatment, I think there¡¯s a clear leader: MD Anderson. I¡¯d always heard it was the No. 1 cancer treatment center in the world. But I don¡¯t think I really understood what that meant until I was diagnosed with stage IV salivary gland cancer in August 2015.
My salivary gland cancer diagnosis
I discovered I had cancer after going to my dermatologist about a little bump on my neck. It was just below my left ear, and I thought it was a swollen lymph node caused by a sinus infection.
But antibiotics didn¡¯t shrink it, and my dermatologist didn¡¯t like the look of it, so he sent me to a local head and neck specialist. That doctor ordered an MRI, which revealed a two-inch tumor on my parotid gland. It was wrapped around a major nerve that controls the facial muscles. I had stage IV mucoepidermoid carcinoma, a very rare type of salivary gland cancer.
How I came to MD Anderson
I was beyond fear when I got that news. A quick internet search showed the survival rates for my type of cancer were staggeringly bad. And mine was far enough advanced that even my specialist said I needed to go to a bigger cancer center for proper treatment. He referred me to a facility in Chicago, where I grew up. I had surgery there to remove the tumor and some nearby lymph nodes.
The procedure was complex, and I knew it might not be possible to get all the cancer out. So I asked my surgeon to focus more on preserving my sensory functions than on removing the cancer completely. As a person who watches other people play golf and talks about it on TV for a living, it¡¯s pretty critical for me to be able to speak and hear.
The surgeon did a great job. But he said it was like trying to remove a meatball from the bottom of a bowl of spaghetti, without damaging any of the noodles. Some remnants of the cancer had almost certainly been left behind. He said I needed proton therapy to kill it. Unfortunately, his facility didn¡¯t offer that treatment. So, I went to the MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center.
Why I decided to have proton therapy
At MD Anderson, I met first with oncologist , radiation oncologist and surgeon to discuss my options. They said that chemotherapy may or may not be effective against my cancer, so I didn¡¯t pursue that. Radiation therapy might¡¯ve worked, too, but it may have prevented me from chewing my food normally, much less talking on live TV.
We all agreed that proton therapy was the best option. I had 31 treatments over a six-week period. I haven¡¯t had any problems with eating, speaking or swallowing since. And my dry mouth issues are so minor, I¡¯m almost embarrassed to mention them.
Why I¡¯m proud to be a part of the MD Anderson team
Treating cancer is a lot like playing golf, in that there are two stages to it: the planning and the execution. But whereas golf is an individual sport, cancer requires a team. Once I saw how good my MD Anderson team was at planning my treatment, I knew that their execution was going to be equally as good. So, it¡¯s no surprise that the care I received was second to none.
I¡¯m now approaching my third anniversary of being cancer-free. And not a day goes by that I don't think about that. But every day is an anniversary for me. Just getting up in the morning and realizing the second chance I¡¯ve been given makes me appreciate life all the more.
I¡¯m convinced the reason I¡¯m still here is because of MD Anderson¡¯s team approach. Seeing first-hand how well its doctors work together gives me a sense of pride ¡ª not just to be a cancer survivor, but to be a part of the team that¡¯s Making Cancer History?.
or by calling 1-877-632-6789.
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